Definition

The iris determines the colour of an individuals eye. It is part of a pigmented layer found inside the eye. Iritis (uveitis) is inflammation of the iris or other parts of this pigmented layer within the eye.

Incidence/age

Different forms of iritis can occur at all ages from childhood through the adulthood.

Causes

In the majority of cases the cause of iritis is not known. In some patients however iritis may be associated with underlying medical conditions including various forms of arthritis (ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis) or non infectious systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis.

Signs/symptoms

Individuals with iritis develop a deep aching pain of the eye, sensitivity to light and in the later stages blurring of vision. The eye is red and the pupil, which is normally round, may be small and irregular in shape.

Complications of disorder

More severe cases of iritis are at risk of developing secondary glaucoma (raised pressure within the eye). The iris may become adherent to the surface of the lens leading to irregularity and distortion of the pupil. Swelling of the retina and prolonged episodes of low pressure in the eye occur rarely in severe cases of iritis.

Tests

If an underlying medical disorder is suspected then investigations may include an x-ray of the chest or lower back and relevant blood tests.

Treatment

Medical

Steroid drops are given to reduce inflammation. Drops will be used to dilate the pupil both to relieve discomfort and prevent adherence of the iris to the lens. Most cases of iritis respond to drops alone. A minority of patients require additional injections of steroid around the outside of the eye or a course of oral steroids.

Surgical

Surgical treatment is not required in the management of acute iritis.

Outcome

The majority of patients will respond to treatment within 4-6 weeks. A small minority of patients need long term treatment.

Iritis can recur in the same eye or in the opposite eye in the future despite the use of proper treatment. Early treatment of iritis reduces the length of time that treatment is required and reduces the risks of complications developing. Early presentation to the doctor at the first indication of symptoms is advised.

Further contact:

Uveitis Information Group
UIG South House, Sweening, Vidlin
Shetland Isles
ZF2 9QE

Telephone: 01806 577310

e-mail: sweening@aol.com